A Role for Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation in the Resistance to Tamoxifen

Table 1

Putative ERα phosphosites, the kinases that target them, and the effect on tamoxifen response.

Phosphosite	Kinases	Tamoxifen	Reference
S46/47	PKC		[20]
Y52	c-Abl		[21]
S102/4/6	GSK-3, ERK1/2 MAPK, CDK2	Resistance	[20, 22–24]
S118	CDK2, ERK1/2 MAPK, RAS/MAPK, GSK-3, CDK7, IKKα, mTOR/p70S6K	Dual effect	[18, 25–34]
S154			[20]
S167	ERK1/2 MAPK, p90RSK, CK2, Akt, mTOR/p70S6K	Sensitivity	[25, 30, 32, 34–39]
S212			[20]
Y219	c-Abl		[21]
S236	PKA		[17, 32]
S282	CK2	Sensitivity	[20, 40, 41]
S294			[20, 40]
S305	PKA, PAK1?	Resistance	[15, 19, 32, 42–47]
T311	RAS/MAPK		[21, 40]
Y537	Src Y kinases	Dual effect	[25, 32, 48–50]
S554			[20]
S559	CK2		[20, 41]