Prognostic Significance of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Breast Cancer

Table 6

Articles studied the association between TIMP-1 and prognosis.

Study	Specimen type	Molecule studied	Methodology	Sample size (𝑁)	End points	Results	𝑃 value
Schrohl et al. 2004 [10]	Tumor tissue cytosolic extracts	Protein	ELISA	2984	Recurrence-free and; overall survival	HR 1.37; HR 1.21; (high versus low levels)	𝑃<0.001; 𝑃=0.003
Wu et al. 2008 [6]	Serum and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue	Protein and mRNA	ELISA, IHC and in situ hybridization	60	Recurrence-free and; overall survival rate	50% versus 75%; 55% versus 88%; (high versus low levels)	𝑃=0.082; 𝑃=0.03
Nakopoulou et al. 2002 [19]	Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue	mRNA	In situ hybridization	117	Overall survival	HR 1.53; (high versus low levels)	𝑃=0.042
Nakopoulou et al. 2003 [15]	Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue	Protein	IHC	133	Disease-free survival	TIMP-1 overexpression was a favorable prognostic factor.	𝑃=0.01
Sieuwerts et al. 2007 [16]	Frozen tumor tissue	mRNA	RT-PCR	1301	Metastasis-free survival	HR 0.59; (high versus low levels)	𝑃<0.001
Current study	Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue	Protein	IHC	176	Recurrence-free and; overall survival	HR 1.2; HR 1.73; (high versus low levels)	𝑃=0.35; 𝑃=0.03
	Snap-frozen tumor tissue	mRNA	Tissue microarray	176	Recurrence-free and; overall survival	HR 1.6; HR 1.29; (high versus low levels)	𝑃=0.04; 𝑃=0.37