Diet across the Lifespan and the Association with Breast Density in Adulthood

Table 2

Studies of adolescent diet, and breast density.

Author, year	Study population,; 𝑛	Design	Diet/mammogram age	Foods/nutrients of interest	Dietary assessment	Outcome	Major significant results	Adjustments
Haars et al. 2010 [12] (also in Tables 1 and 9)	DOM-project; 𝑛=356(The Netherlands)	CS	10–18 y/53 y	Short-term energy restriction	Described in Table 1	BS, DT, NDT, PBD; (mammogram; visual observation)	Null	Age at examination, parity, menopausal status, BMI
Sellers et al. 2007 [15]	MBCFSC; 𝑛=1,552; (United States, NH-White)	CS	12-13 y/60.4 y	High-fat meats, dairy, animal fat, high-fat snacks and desserts, high-fat foods, fish and chicken, fruits, vegetables	29-item FFQ; (retrospective recall)	PBD (mammogram; Cumulus)	Null	Age at mammography, weight at follow-up 1, use of HRT, menopausal status, education, age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, OC use, alcohol use, smoking hx
Tseng et al. 2011 [16]; (also in Table 7)	Chinese-American immigrants; 𝑛=201(US, Asian)	CS	12–17 y/53.1 y	Beef, pork, tofu, green veg, fruits	Frequency of consumption: beef, pork, tofu, green veg, fruits (retrospective)	PBD: BIRADS	Red meat intake: all women: (ORT3  versus T1 = 3.0; 95% CI: 1.5–6.4); postmenopausal women: (ORT3  versus T1 = 16.9; 95% CI 5.4–52.4)	Age, level of acculturation, BMI, number of live births and age at first live birth, adult dairy intake
Vachon et al. 2005 [17]	MBCFSC; 𝑛=1575; (US, NH-White)	CS	<18 y/60.4 y	Alcohol	Follow-up questionnaire	PBD (mammogram; Cumulus)	Null	Age, BMI, HRT, age at first birth, number of births, age at menarche, education, adult and adolescent smoking status, alcohol, OC use, menopausal status
Dorgan et al. 2010 [18]; (also in Table 8)	DISC; premenopausal women; 𝑛=182  (US, NH-White)	CS; (RCT followup)	25–29 y	Long-term effects of low-fat diet	3–24-hr dietary recalls	PBD and VDT (MRI)	Null	% body fat, age at randomization, age at visit, clinic, BMI-𝑍 score, race, education, smoking status, PA at 14–17 years old and separately during the past year, number of full-term pregnancies, hormonal contraceptives