Diet across the Lifespan and the Association with Breast Density in Adulthood

Table 4

Studies of alcohol intake in adulthood and breast density.

Author, year	Study population,; 𝑛	Design	Age	Foods/nutrients of interest	Dietary assessment	Outcome	Major significant results	Adjustments
Maskarinec et al. 2006 [28]	BEAN (𝑛=217 premenopausal women) and MEC (𝑛=582 cases and 𝑛=658 controls); (multiethnic cohort)	BEAN = CS; MEC = CC	BEAN = 43 y; MEC (cases and controls) = 57 y	Alcohol	Validated FFQ	Mammogram: (computer-assisted method)	Null	Age, BMI, ethnicity, HRT use, age at first live birth, parity, age at menarche, menopausal status, group status, family hx of BC when appropriate.
Masala et al. 2006 [24]; (also in Tables 3, 5, and 7)	Mediterranean Population—florence section of EPIC; 𝑛=1,668; (Italy)	CS	Pre-, post-, and peri-menopausal women	Alcohol	160-item validated FFQ	Wolfe classification; (P2 + DY versus N1 + P1); and semiquantitative method (“entirely fat”; <25%, “25–75%, >75% high density area)	All Women: P2 + DY versus N1 + P1: Overall alcohol: OR𝑇3versus𝑇1 = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.01–1.72); Premenopausal women at enrollment (𝑛=491): Wine: OR𝑄4versus𝑄1: 1.84 (95% CI: 1.07–3.16); high alcohol consumption OR𝑄4versus𝑄1: 1.86 (95% CI: 1.03–3.38)	Age, education, BMI, menopausal status, total energy (log), each food separately (tertiles)
Sala et al. 2000 [29]; (also in Tables 5 and 7)	EPIC-Norfolk; Cases: P2/DY; Controls: N1/P1 (𝑛=203 cases and 𝑛=203 controls)  (UK)	NCC	Cases and controls: 59 y	Alcohol	7-day food record	Wolfe Patterns: (high risk: P2 and DY; low risk: N1 and P1)	Null	Menopausal status, parity, HRT, BMI
Tseng et al., 2007 [27]; (also in Tables 3, 5, and 7)	Women with at least one 1st degree or 2nd degree relative with BC or ovarian cancer 𝑛=157(US, NH-White)	CS	50 y	Alcohol	126 item validated FFQ	PBD: BIRADS	Null	Age, BMI, energy, age at menarche, menopausal status, hx of HRT, family hx category.
Vachon et al. 2000 [9]; (also in Tables 3, 5, and 7)	MBCFCS; 𝑛=1508; (US, NH-White)	CS	61.4 y	Alcohol	153-item validated FFQ	PBD (Mammogram: visual estimation)	Postmenopausal women: white wine: nondrinkers versus ≥2–4 svg/wk = 29% (95% CI: 26–32%) versus 34% (95% CI: 30–37%), Red wine: nondrinkers versus ≥2–4 svg/wk: 34% (95% CI: 31–36%) versus 28% (95% CI: 24–33%)	Energy intake, age, BMI, WHR, PA, age at menarche, age at first birth and number of births (combined), alcohol, smoking, family hx of BC, HRT (all and postmenopausal women), OC (premenopausal women)