Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: The Lasting Effects of a Fleeting Treatment

Table 1

Reported clinical toxicities following breast intraoperative radiotherapy in selected large series.

Series	Patients	Year	IORT^∗ dose	IORT technique	Outcome time point (months)	Fat necrosis (%)	Seroma (%)	Fibrosis (%)	Skin (%)	Edema (%)	Infection (%)
TARGIT-A trial [8]	1113	2010	20 Gy	kV photons	NR	NR	2.1^†	NR	2.8^‡	NR	1.8
Veronesi et al. [29]	1822	2010	21 Gy	Electrons	36	4.2	12.9	1.9	NR	1.3	1.3
ELIOT trial [7]	651	2013	21 Gy	Electrons	70	15.0	NR	NR	1.5	NR	NR
Sperk et al. [41]	305	2012	20 Gy ± EBRT	kV photons	36	NR	NR	17.0	5.8	1.9	NR
Grobmyer et al. [14]	80	2013	20 Gy	Photons	13	NR	32.5	1.0	4.7	NR	5.0
Sacchini et al. [17]	52	2008	18–20 Gy	Brachytherapy	31	NR	50.0	NR	56.0	NR	8.0
Mussari et al. [42]	47	2006	20–24 Gy	Electrons	36	2.0	34.0	32.0	4.0	2.0	NR

^∗IORT: intraoperative radiotherapy; Gy: gray; kV: kilovoltage; NR: not reported; EBRT: external beam radiotherapy.
^†This study reported recurrent seroma.
^‡This study reported only major skin toxicity.