Quantifying Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity of Farmlands on Bird Species Richness by Means of Similarity Index Pairwise

Table 4

Descriptive elements of agricultural mosaic along the gradient of spatial heterogeneity of farmland in Central Italy.

Environmental parameter	FSH category					F	df	P value
	1	2	3	4	Total
Altitude (m)	122.7 ± 77.2	183.3 ± 156.2	298.8 ± 168.2	382.5 ± 129.8	292.4 ± 168.8	10.1	3	0.000***
Terrain slope (mode)	Low	Low	Low	Low-medium	Low	—	—	—
Roads (mode)	Paved	Paved	Paved	Paved	Paved	—	—	—
Powerlines (mean)	3.1 ± 2.5	2.9 ± 2.0	2.5 ± 1.6	3.8 ± 2.8	3.1 ± 2.3	1.5	3	0.221
Crop diversity (mean)	0.632 ± 0.3	0.554 ± 0.3	0.533 ± 0.4	0.489 ± 0.4	0.530 ± 0.3	0.3	3	0.790

Significance codes: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ^‘P < 0.1.