There is currently a rapidly growing interest in parallel computation applications in various medical imaging and image processing fields. Given its short history, this area is still not a well-defined scientific discipline. This special issue is intended to promote and publish work in this field as research articles exploring the different aspects of this field including its theoretical analysis, practical architectures, and limitations. This will help researchers in the future get properly introduced to this field and help them make informed decisions about its utility in their respective applications. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Parallel algorithms in medical image processing
• Multicore processing applications in medical image processing
• GPU-based medical image processing
• Assessment of parallel algorithms for medical image processing
• Real-time multiprocessor implementations for medical imaging systems
• Volume visualization and manipulation based on GPUs
• Hardware parallel processing architectures for medical imaging applications
• Evaluation of parallel processing technologies for medical imaging applications
• Limitations of parallel processing in medical imaging applications
• Parallel implementations of compressed sensing-based medical imaging

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