Controlled Release of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Enhances Osteoconductive and Biodegradable Properties of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in a Rat Calvarial Defect Model

Figure 2

Low magnification images of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. (a) 𝛽-TCP alone; (b) 1 𝜇g G-CSF in solution form; (c) 5 𝜇g G-CSF in solution form; (d) 20 𝜇g G-CSF in solution form; (e) free gelatin hydrogel; (f) 1 𝜇g G-CSF with gelatin hydrogel; (g) 5 𝜇g G-CSF with gelatin hydrogel; (h) 20 𝜇g G-CSF with gelatin hydrogel; and (i) untreated defect. Note the dense fibrous tissue surrounding focal bone formation in group H (arrow heads). Original magnification 40x; scale bar = 500 𝜇m. NB: newly formed bone; ∗remaining 𝛽-TCP.