Recent Progress of Fabrication of Cell Scaffold by Electrospinning Technique for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Table 3

Summary of electrospinning-based techniques for fabricating 3D nanofibrous structure.

Authors	Year	Technique	Advantage(s)	Disadvantage(s)	Application
Chen and Su [36]	2011	Electrospinning with plasma treatment	Enhanced chondrocytes viability and proliferation	N/A	Cartilage tissue engineering
Coburn et al. [37]	2012	Biological cue chondroitin sulfate incorporated electrospinning	Enhanced cartilaginous formation	Weak mechanical properties	Cartilage tissue engineering
Shabani et al. [38]	2012	Modified setup of electrospinning with heat from halogen light bulbs	Improved cell infiltration rate	Material limitation	Tissue engineering
Kai et al. [39]	2012	Nanofiber with hydrogel	Relatively higher compressive strength	No significant cell proliferation improvement	Tissue regeneration
Xu et al. [13]	2012	Hybrid inkjet printing/electrospinning system	High cell viability, formed cartilage-like structure	Further refinement required	Cartilage tissue engineering
Wei et al. [40]	2012	Electrospinning	Improved cell attachment and proliferation	N/A	Cartilage tissue engineering
Holmes et al. [41]	2013	Hydrogen treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)	Higher mechanical strength and cell differentiation	Unclear effect of MWCNTs in vivo	MSC chondrogenesis
Cai et al. [42]	2013	Electrostatic repulsion	Randomly and evenly oriented 3D fibers	Rapid delivery of electrons on fibers required	Cell culture for soft tissues
Yunos et al. [43]	2013	Bilayered scaffold	Chondrocyte cell-supporting ability	Decreased HA formation rate with thicker layer	Osteochondral tissue replacement
Levorson et al. [44]	2013	Dual extrusion electrospinning	Maintained scaffold cellularity	Lack of parameter optimization	Cartilage tissue engineering
Xue et al. [45]	2014	Prepare the electrospun membrane in rounded shape	Formed ear-shaped cartilage tissue	Lack of immunogenicity investigation	Cartilage tissue engineering
Garrigues et al. [46]	2014	Electrospinning	Enhanced cell infiltration	Lower elastic modulus	Cartilage tissue engineering
Xu et al. [47]	2014	Electrospinning solution with de-cross-linked keratin from chicken feathers	Intrinsic water stability	Randomly oriented fibers	Cell penetration and differentiation
Orr et al. [48]	2015	Vertical stacking layers of fiber membrane	Easy to seed cells on surface prior to stacking	Cells unable to penetrate through layers	Compressive loading applications
Liu et al. [49]	2015	Electrospinning and freeze drying	Better mechanical strength	N/A	Cartilage tissue engineering
Zhu et al. [50]	2015	Electrospinning with cold atmospheric plasma treatment	Enhanced chondrogenic differentiation and cell infiltration	Small thickness for 3D scaffold	Cartilage tissue engineering
Chen et al. [51]	2016	Modified scaffold with cross-linked hyaluronic acid	Superabsorbent property and excellent cytocompatibility	Complicated fabrication process	Cartilage tissue engineering
Afonso et al. [52]	2016	Direct writing electrospinning	Directed tissue organization and fibril matrix orientation	Microscale fibers	Tissue engineering
Damaraju et al. [53]	2017	Piezoelectric fibrous scaffolds	Promoted mesenchymal stem cell differentiation	N/A	Cartilage and bone tissue engineering