Context-Dependent Regulation of Autophagy by IKK-NF-κB Signaling: Impact on the Aging Process

Figure 1

The context-dependent regulation of autophagy via the functional interactions between IKK-NF-κB signaling axis and autophagy. IKKα/β and NF-κB can increase the expression of Beclin 1 and other autophagy-related proteins and stimulate autophagocytosis. On the other hand, increased autophagy can degrade IKK components and repress autophagy. Hsp90, Keap1, and Ro52 enhance the autophagic degradation of IKK components. In addition, NF-κB signaling increases the expression of autophagy repressors, for example, A20, Bcl-2/Xl, and NLRP receptors. Moreover, NF-κB can suppress many inducers of autophagy, for example, BNIP3, JNK1 and ROS.