Forms, Crosstalks, and the Role of Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Autophagy

Figure 1

Chaperone-mediated autophagy. The KFERQ sequence of the substrate protein is protected by its three-dimensional structure, preventing its interaction with the CMA heat shock protein complex (HSPC) (a). Unfolding or improper folding of the protein (b) allows the HSPC to bind to the protein (c), targeting the protein to the lysosome for degradation (d). The CMA-specific protein is unravelled at the lysosomal membrane by HSPC and transported into the lysosome via a channel formed from LAMP2A. Lysosomal Hsc70 (ly-Hsc70) pulls the CMA specific protein into the lumen of the lysosome, where it is degraded.