Forms, Crosstalks, and the Role of Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Autophagy

Figure 3

Piecemeal Microautophagy. In yeast, the vacuole and nuclear membrane form a tight junction between proteins Vac8p (Vacuole) and Nvj1p (Nuclear) (a). As the vacuole invaginates, the nuclear membrane is pulled inward due to the interaction between Vac8p and Nvj1p (b). This continues until an autophagic-like body forms within the vacuole and pinches off from the membrane (c) and is released into the vacuole where it is later degraded (d). Vac8p: Vacuolar 8 protein; Nvj1p: nucleus vacuole junction 1 protein.