Forms, Crosstalks, and the Role of Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Autophagy

Figure 7

Phospholipid biosynthetic pathways. PE is made by the CDP-ethanolamine pathway in the ER (left) or from PS via the action of PSD in mitochondria. PC is made by the CDP-choline pathway (right) or from PE through the PEMT pathway in the ER and mitochondria-associated membranes of the ER. PS is produced from PE and PC via PSS2 and PSS1 pathways in the mitochondria associated membranes of the ER. Ethanolamine kinase: EthK; CTP: ethanolaminephosphate; cytidylyltransferase: ET; CDP: diacylglycerol ethanolamine and choline phosphotransferases: EPT and CPT; choline kinase: CK; CTP: cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase: CT; CDP: diacylglycerol choline and ethanolamine phosphotransferases: CPT and EPT; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase: PEMT; phosphatidylserine synthase 1: PSS1; phosphatidylserine synthase 2: PSS2.