Natural Compounds as Regulators of the Cancer Cell Metabolism

Figure 1

Targetable metabolic actors by natural compounds. A summary of the most relevant compounds affecting metabolic pathways of cancer cells. Many of these molecules correspond to natural compounds; alternatively, they are chemical structures found as active that may act as a template for the identification of promising natural compounds with similar activity. Molecules indicated in blue affect enzymatic activity (+ or − stands for activators or inhibitors, resp.); the ones in green affect the expression level of the targeted enzyme; the ones in brown affect nonmetabolic activities. Abbreviations: ATP citrate lyase, ACL; gallocatechin gallate, GCG; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); fatty acid synthase, FAS; fructose-6-phosphate, F6P; fructose-1,6-biphosphate, FBP; hypoxia-inducible factor 1, HIF-1; glucose-6-phosphate, G6P; glutamine synthetase, GS; hexokinase II, HK2; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, G3P; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH; glucose transporter, GLUT; glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH; α-ketoglutarate (αKG); isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, IDH1; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase, NADPH; pentose phosphate pathway; 3-phosphoglycerate, 3PG; phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP; pyruvate kinase isoform M2, PKM2.