Factors Involved in the In Vitro Fermentability of Short Carbohydrates in Static Faecal Batch Cultures

Table 1

Substrates used in faecal batch culture experiments to determine influence of chain length, composition, and linkage on fermentation time.

Sugar	DP	Monomer(s)	Linkage	Substitution/derivatisation	Manufacturer
D-glucose	1	D-glucose			Sigma
D-mannose	1	D-mannose			Sigma
L-rhamnose	1	L-rhamnose		6-Deoxy-D-mannose	Sigma
D-arabinose	1	D-arabinose			Sigma
L-arabinose	1	L-arabinose			Merck
D-xylose	1	D-xylose			Sigma
L-xylose	1	L-xylose			Fluka
D-fucose	1	D-galactose		Reduction (6-Deoxy-D-galactose)	Fluka
D-galactose	1	D-galactose			Merck
Lactose	2	D-glucose, D-galactose	β1-4		Sigma
Lactulose	2	D-galactose, D-fructose	β1-4		Sigma
Sucrose	2	D-glucose, D-fructose	α1-2		Sigma
D-maltose	2	D-glucose	α1-4		Sigma
Isomaltose	2	D-glucose	α1-6		Sigma
Cellobiose	2	D-glucose	β1-4		Sigma
Gentiobiose	2	D-glucose	β1-6		Sigma
Raffinose	3	D-galactose, D-glucose,; D-fructose	α1-6; α2-1		Sigma
Melezitose	3	D-glucose, D-fructose,; D-glucose	α1-3; β2-1		Sigma
Vivinal-GOS	1–8	D-galactose,; D-glucose	β1-4, β1-6		Royal Friesland Foods
Glucuronic acid	1	D-glucose		Uronic acid; (oxidation at C6)	Sigma
Galacturonic acid	1	D-galactose, D-fructose		Uronic acid; (oxidation at C6)	Sigma
Glucosamine	1	D-glucose		amine	Sigma
N-acetylated glucosamine	1	D-glucose		Acetylated amine	Sigma
Methyl-β-; Galactopyranoside	1	D-galactose		Methylation	Fluka
β-galactose pentaacetate	1	D-galactose		Acetylation	Fluka
Galactitol	1	D-galactose		Reduction (reduction at C1)	Fluka