Enhancement of Heat Transfer by Ultrasound: Review and Recent Advances

Table 1

Various uses of ultrasound to promote phase change heat transfer.

Reference	Description of the study	Frequency, power, intensity	Best and/or interesting result obtained
Fairbanks [27]	Radiation (Sun and infrared) into water, conduction into metal, melting heterogeneous system	50 kHz, 61 W (radiation); 20 kHz, 250 W (melting); 20 kHz, 75 W (conduction)	Radiation: double heat transfer rate, conduction: 3.55 times thermal conductivity, melting rate doubled
Inada et al. [31]	Experimental, phase change from supercooled water to ice, acoustic cavitation, pure water and tap water	28 kHz, 0–6.5 kW m^−2	Important decrease of supercooling with ultrasound for both types of water
Oh et al. [10]	Melting of paraffin in a tank with constant heat flux, acoustic streaming, cavitation, experimental and modelling study	40 kHz, 70–340 W	Melting time 72 min with 340 W ultrasonic power instead of 275 min without ultrasound
Zhang et al. [32]	Experimental study, probability of water phase change with number of bubble nuclei, cavitation, square vessel, transducer at the bottom	39 kHz, 4.4 kW m^−2	Probability of phase change increased with number of bubble nuclei and pressure amplitude