Review Article

Enhancement of Heat Transfer by Ultrasound: Review and Recent Advances

Table 2

Summary table of boiling heat transfer studies.

ReferenceDescription of the studyFrequency, power, intensityBest and/or interesting result obtained

Baffigi and Bartoli [45]Experimental, subcooled boiling, horizontal cylinder, cavitation40 kHz, 300–500 W   ~2331/5000 W m−2 K−1 subcooling temperature: 41 K
Bergles and Newell [50]Horizontal annulus, subcooled boiling, CHF70 kHz; 80 kHz, 1.4 W/cm²70 kHz, 40% local increase in non-boiling
Bonekamp and Bier [51]Pool boiling, pure fluids (R23, R134a), and mixtures of both42.0 kHz; 69.2 kHz; 84.7 kHz, 4 W42 kHz, equimolar mixture,
> 1 W, 90% increase in + important hysteresis reduction
Heffington and Glezer [36]Pool boiling enhancement, VIBE mechanism (vibration-induced bubble ejection)1.65 MHzWater/ethanol ~70/30: 425% increase in CHF (600 W cm−2)
Jeong and Kwon [44]CHF augmentation pool and subcooled boiling, inclination angle40 kHz87–126% CHF increase for downward facing surface
Kim et al. [33]Experimental results, natural convection, pool subcooled and saturated boiling, platinum wire, transducer at the bottom, liquid FC-7248 kHzAt least 60% global heat transfer increase (natural convection)
Kim and Jeong [52]Numerical study, water bath, transducer at the bottom, inclination and subcooled boiling40 kHzsee Jeong and Kwon [44]
Kwon et al. [46]CHF enhancement pool boiling, variation of inclination angle and pool temperature, transducer at the bottom40 kHzCHF increased by 110% at pool temperature 95°C, horizontal downward plate
Park and Bergles [47]Inert, dielectric liquid typical of those used for immersion cooling of microelectronic components (R-113) to cool small diameters stainless steel tubes power supplied55 kHz, 75 W, 8000 W m−2Saturated pool: 10% increase in burnout heat flux; subcooled pool: 5% increase
Serizawa et al. [37]Horizontal and vertical surfaces in water and vertical round tube under forced circulation of water. Silver rod at 750–800 K into distilled water (film boiling), ultrasound at the bottom28 kHz, 70 WNatural convection and pool nucleate boiling augmented for higher liquid subcooling. Temperature change periodically with ultrasonic waves.
Quenching time reduced
Wong and Chon [20]Natural convection and boiling around platinum wire in distilled water and methanol, cavitation, experimental work20 kHz; 44 kHz; 108 kHz; 306 kHz, 0–200 W (with amplifier)8-fold increase in heat transfer coefficient in natural convection
Yamashiro et al. [42, 43]Quenching process, horizontal platinum wires in subcooled water24 kHz; 44 kHz, 0–280 WCooling rate and heat flux increase with cavitation intensity and water subcooling, better effect at 24 kHz
Zhou and Liu [35]Experimental study, acetone boiling in cubic pool around an horizontal circular tube, acoustic cavitation?Heat transfer increased with water subcooling and cavitation intensity
Zhou [53]Experimental investigations, copper nanofluid, acoustic cavitation, cubic vessel filled with acetone, horizontal copper tube?Heat transfer in presence of acoustic field increased with nanoparticles concentration, cavitation intensity, fluid subcooling
Zhou and Liu [54]Experimental investigations, calcium-carbonate nanoparticles in acetone, acoustic cavitation, cubic vessel with horizontal copper tube?Convection and boiling reduced by addition of nanoparticles, but increase with acoustic field intensity
Zhou et al. [34]Acetone boiling around horizontal copper tube in a cubic vessel, acoustic cavitation effect on boiling heat transfer?Higher heat flux at lower wall temperature with acoustic cavitation