Large Eddy Simulation for Dispersed Bubbly Flows: A Review

Table 3

Drag force models.

No.	Author	Equation
(1)	Ishii and Zuber [44]	𝐶𝐷=24Re(1+0.1Re^0.75)
(2)	Tomiyama [45]	𝐶𝐷=(8/3)𝐸𝑜1−𝐸^2𝐸^2/3𝐸𝑜+161−𝐸^2𝐸^4/3𝐹(𝐸)^−2
		1𝐸=1+0.163𝐸𝑜^0.757 (Wellek et al. [46])
		𝐹(𝐸)=sin^−11−𝐸^2−𝐸1−𝐸^2(1−𝐸^2)
(3)	Tomiyama [47] (pure system)	𝐶𝐷=maxmin16Re1+0.15Re^0.687,48,8Re3𝐸𝑜𝐸𝑜+4
(4)	Ishii and Zuber [44]; (distorted regime)	𝐶𝐷=23𝐸𝑜^1/2
		𝐸𝑜=𝑔Δ𝜌𝑑^2𝐺/𝜎
(5)	Clift et al. [48]	𝐶𝐷=24Re1+0.15Re𝑃^0.687,Re𝑃≤800
		0.44  Re𝑃>800
(6)	Tomiyama [47] (contaminated system)	𝐶𝐷=maxmin24Re1+0.15Re^0.687,48,8Re3𝐸𝑜𝐸𝑜+4