Pilot-Scale Removal of Trace Steroid Hormones and Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Municipal Wastewater Using a Heterogeneous Fenton’s Catalytic Process
Table 1
EDCs and PPCPs investigated in the effluents.
(a)
Chemical name
Classification
Molecular weight (g mol−1)
Water solubility (mg L−1 at 25°C)
log
Estrone (E1)
Steroid
270.4
30
3.43
17 β-Estradiol (E2)
Steroid
272.4
25
3.94
17 α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2)
Steroid
296.4
4.8
4.15
Carbamazepine
Analgesic
236.3
17.7
2.45
Aspirin
NSAID
180.2
5295
1.13
Triclosan
Antiseptic
289.5
4.6
4.76
(b)
Names
Structure
Uses and effects
Estrone (E1)
Estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary.
17 β-Estradiol (E2)
Sex hormone—Oestrogen. Estradiol has a critical impact on reproductive and sexual functioning, as well as organs including bone structure.
17 α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2)
Synthetic form of Estradiol used for contraception.
Carbamazepine
Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
Aspirin
Used to treat fever, pain, rheumatic fever, and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid pericarditis and arthritis.
Triclosan
Triclosan is found in soaps (0.15–0.30%), deodorants, toothpastes, mouth washes, and cleaning supplies, acting as antifungal and antibacterial. It is an endocrine disruptor. It can combine with chlorine in water to form chloroform which is a carcinogen.
