Pilot-Scale Removal of Trace Steroid Hormones and Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products from Municipal Wastewater Using a Heterogeneous Fenton’s Catalytic Process

Table 2

Characteristics of biologically treated wastewater used in the pilot tertiary treatment process.

	Units	LOQ	Site A: concentration		Site B: concentration		Site C: concentration
			Range	Mean	Range	Mean	Range	Mean
BOD (ATU)	[mg L^−1]	1	1–3	2.5	1–5	3.5	6–13	8.3
TOC	[mg L^−1]	0.1	6.0–7.5	6.24	7.9–9.2	8.10	10.7–14.8	11.08
TSS	[mg L^−1]	0.1	4.0–8.1	8.5	6.4–12.9	9.5	10.0–12.0	10.7
Turbidity	[mg L^−1]	0.05	0.6–0.69	0.66	4.0–4.6	4.7	3.4–8.8	7.8
PO4^3−	[mg L^−1]	0.004	0.12–38	0.26	0.49–0.99	0.69	3.30–6.64	5.38
Total
Al	[𝜇g L^−1]	11	24–38	31.5	25–39	29	35–124	89.7
Pb	[𝜇g L^−1]	0.5	0.6–2.5	2.25	0.6–1.6	0.95	1.3–1.8	1.4
Cu	[𝜇g L^−1]	2.7	2.7–3.9	3.4	<2.7	2.7	4.7–8	6.9
Fe	[𝜇g L^−1]	1.5	538–618	574.5	163–219	209	67–91	84
Mn	[𝜇g L^−1]	1.5	<1.5	<1.5	<1.5	<1.5	16–21	20
Estrone (E1)	[ng L^−1]	0.05	1.67–2.87	2.12	0.05–1.31	0.7	30.2–46.3	35.5
17 β-Estradiol (E2)	[ng L^−1]	0.05	0.33–0.42	0.39	<0.05	<0.05	4.22–6.52	5.12
17 α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2)	[ng L^−1]	0.05	0.23–0.26	0.255	0.51–0.68	0.575	1.53–1.72	1.565
Carbamazepine	[ng L^−1]	10	668–877	757.5	553–842	589	945–1160	1002.5
Aspirin	[ng L^−1]	10	10–23	17	10–29	16	<10	<10
Triclosan	[ng L^−1]	10	149–152	151	55–89	73.5	383–473	438