Melatonin: A Novel Indolamine in Oral Health and Disease

Table 2

Effects of melatonin in oral cavity.

Effects in the oral cavity	Author & date
Melatonin at physiologic concentrations increases nerve growth factor synthesis in mouse submandibular gland.	Pongsa-Asawapaiboon et al., 1998 [50]
Melatonin promotes proliferation of human mandibular cells (HOB-M) and cells of human osteoblastic cellular line (SV-HFO) in a dose-dependent manner.	Nakade et al., 1999 [44]
Reduces periodontal tissue damage by its antioxidant and free radical scavenging actions on inflammatory mediators and bone cells.	Cutando et al., 2006 [37]
Counteracts oxidative stress induced during tooth extraction.	Cutando et al., 2007 [38, 39]
Melatonin significantly increases all the parameters of osseointegration of implants when topically impregnated at the time of placement. This effect is enhanced when mixed with collagenised bone.	Cutando et al., 2008 [43]; Calvo-guirado et al., 2009 [41]; Calvo-guirado et al., 2010 [42]; Tresguerres et al., 2012 [40]
Regulates odontogenic cells in tooth germs by expression of melatonin 1a receptor in cells promoting tooth development.	Kumasaka et al., 2010 [35]
Melatonin reduces the oxidative DNA damage induced by dental methacrylate monomers.	Blasiak et al., 2011 [47]
Melatonin induces protein synthesis in the rat parotid gland and thereby effects glandular activity in a MT1 and MT2 receptor-mediated mechanism.	Cevik-Aras et al., 2011 [48]
Melatonin inhibits Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-6 in murine macrophages by suppressing NF-𝜅β and STAT1 activity.	Eun-young Choietal, 2011 [102]