Advances in Optical Adjunctive Aids for Visualisation and Detection of Oral Malignant and Potentially Malignant Lesions

Table 1

Published papers on the use of VELscope in specialist practice.

Purpose	Paper	Type of study	Sample population	Sensitivity; (%)	Specificity; (%)	PPV; (%)	NPV; (%)	Accuracy; (%)	Notes
Used to detect OPMDs only	Poh et al. [17]	Case report	3 case reports of patients with a history of either oral dysplasia or CIS.	—	—	—	—	—	All cases demonstrated LAF in the area where there was a lesion.; 1 patient had moderate epithelial dysplasia, another had CIS, and the third case had both severe dysplasia and CIS.
	Awan et al. [18]	Prospective cohort study	126 patients with oral white or red lesions suspicious of OPMD.	84	15	38	61	—	Of the 126 lesions, 7 dysplasias had no LAF and 61 nondysplastic lesions had LAF.
	Farah et al. [19]	Prospective cohort study	112 patients with white or mixed red-white lesions suspicious of OPMD.	30	63	19	75	55	Interpretation based on VELscope findings only.
				46	68	29	82	63	Interpretation based on both COE and VELscope findings.
	Rana et al. [20]	Cross-sectional study	289 patients in total with an OPMD (166 patients examined with COE, 123 patients examined with both COE and VELscope).	100	74	—	—	—	VELscope had higher sensitivity (100% versus 17%) but lower specificity (74% versus 97%) when compared to COE.
Used to detect OPMDs and/or oral cancer	Lane et al. [21]	Prospective cohort study	44 patients with biopsy-confirmed oral dysplasia or OSCC.	98	100	100	86	—	91% of severe dysplasia and CIS showed LAF.; 100% of OSCCs had LAF.
	Mehrotra et al. [22]	Cross-sectional study	258 patients in total with clinically innocuous lesions (102 patients were examined with ViziLite; 156 patients were examined with VELscope).	50	39	6	90	—	6 dysplasias did not display LAF.; VELscope did not detect any additional lesions following COE.
	Koch et al. [23]	Prospective cohort study	78 patients with clinically diagnosed SCC or suspicious epithelial lesion.	97	96	94	98	—	For diagnosing SCC only.
				94	98	97	96	—	For diagnosing SCC/dysplasia.
	Scheer et al. [24]	Prospective cohort study	64 patients referred to specialist clinic to rule out OSCC.	100	81	55	100	—	False-positive rate of 15.6%.; LAF significantly associated with dysplasia or invasive carcinoma when compared to normal tissue (𝑃<0.0001).
Used to detect oral cancer only	Poh et al. [25]	Prospective cohort study	20 consecutive patients with biopsy-confirmed oral cancer.	—	—	—	—	—	All tumours showed LAF, with a significant correlation between high-grade dysplasia and LAF (𝑃<0.0001).; 95% (19/20) of tumours had VELscope margins that extended beyond the clinically visible tumour.

OPMD: oral potentially malignant disorder; CIS: carcinoma in situ; LAF: loss of autofluorescence; COE: conventional oral examination; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma.