Qat Chewing as an Independent Risk Factor for Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Descriptive statistics of CAL by risk factors.
Maximum CAL score
(%)
0
1
2
3
4
Mean, SD
Age group*
20–24 y
18 (18.2)
68 (68.7)
11 (11.1)
2 (2.0)
0 (0.0)
0.44, 0.35
25–29 y
13 (10.4)
79 (63.2)
27 (21.6)
3 (2.4)
3 (2.4)
0.65, 0.42
30–34 y
2 (2.4)
51 (62.3)
23 (28.0)
5 (6.1)
1 (1.2)
0.81, 0.53
35–39 y
3 (3.9)
33 (43.4)
30 (39.6)
9 (11.8)
1 (1.3)
1.06, 0.57
40–44 y
1 (1.5)
17 (26.2)
29 (44.6)
14 (21.5)
4 (6.2)
1.37, 0.40
45–50 y
0 (0.0)
18 (34.0)
19 (35.8)
15 (28.3)
1 (1.9)
1.26, 0.57
Gender*
Male
21 (5.6)
188 (50.5)
114 (30.6)
39 (10.5)
10 (2.8)
0.91, 0.60
Female
16 (1.6)
78 (60.9)
25 (19.5)
9 (7.0)
0 (0.0)
0.64, 0.47
Oral hygiene status*
Good
13 (26.5)
30 (61.3)
5 (10.2)
1 (2.0)
0 (0.0)
0.38, 0.35
Fair
17 (10.1)
108 (63.9)
34 (20.1)
8 (4.7)
2 (1.2)
0.64, 0.42
Poor
7 (2.5)
128 (45.4)
100 (35.5)
39 (13.8)
8 (2.8)
1.05, 0.61
Educational status
Illiterate
4 (4.5)
37 (41.6)
35 (39.3)
12 (13.5)
1 (1.1)
0.97, 0.52
Primary
28 (8.9)
177 (56.0)
76 (24.1)
27 (8.5)
8 (2.5)
0.81, 0.61
High
5 (5.3)
52 (54.7)
28 (29.5)
9 (9.5)
1 (1.1)
0.84, 0.53
Smoking status*
Smokers
5 (2.9)
84 (48.3)
53 (30.4)
27 (15.5)
5 (2.9)
1.02, 0.61
Nonsmokers
32 (9.8)
182 (55.8)
86 (26.4)
21 (6.3)
5 (1.5)
0.75, 0.54
Chewing status*
Chewers
15 (3.7)
205 (51.3)
126 (31.5)
44 (11.0)
10 (2.5)
0.93, 0.58
Nonchewers
22 (22.0)
61 (61.0)
13 (13.0)
4 (4.0)
0 (0.0)
0.48, 0.43
Intraoral site*
Chewing sides
32 (8.0)
227 (56.7)
100 (25.0)
35 (8.8%)
6 (1.5%)
1.26, 0.73
Nonchewing sides
91 (22.7)
214 (53.5)
82 (20.5)
11 (2.8%)
2 (0.5%)
0.98, 0.79
Overall
37 (7.4)
266 (53.2)
139 (27.8)
48 (9.6)
10 (2.0)
0.84, 0.58
Significant differences between/among subgroups in CAL maximum score distribution and mean score (); Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis or Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate. Significant difference only in mean scores (). CAL codes: 0: 0–3 mm; 1: 4-5 mm; 2: 6–8 mm; 3: 8–11 mm; 4: 12 mm or more.
