Periodontal Health Status and Associated Factors: Findings of a Prenatal Oral Health Program in South Brazil

Table 3

Crude and adjusted analysis [prevalence ratio (PR)] for the association between independent variables and dental gingival bleeding in pregnant women.

Variables	Gingival bleeding		Crude PR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted PR (95% CI)	value
		%
Skin color
White	165	82.5	1.00	0.004	1.00	0.885
Non-white	63	94.0	1.13 (1.04–1.24)		1.01 (1.92–1.08)
Age (years)
15–19	39	83.0	1.00
20–34	172	86.0	1.03 (0.89–1.19)	0.620
35–44	32	78.0	0.94 (0.76–1.15)	0.564
Education level
>8 years	126	81.3	1.00	0.116	1.00	0.371
≤8 years	117	88.0	1.08 (0.98–1.19)		1.03 (0.95–1.12)
Family income
≥US$1051	55	70.5	1.00		1.00
US$351–US$1050	105	91.3	1.30 (1.11–1.52)	0.001	1.07 (0.95–1.20)	0.259
≤US$350	80	87.9	1.25 (1.06–1.47)	0.007	1.02 (0.88–1.17)	0.771
Stage of pregnancy
First trimester	29	96.7	1.00		1.00
Second trimester	120	84.5	0.87 (0.79–0.96)	0.007	0.89 (0.78 –1.01)	0.084
Third trimester	94	81.0	0.83 (0.75–0.93)	0.002	0.83 (0.73–0.95)	0.008
Prenatal care
Yes	236	84.0	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.330
No	6	100.0	1.19 (1.13–1.25)		1.13 (0.87–1.47)
Frequency of tooth brushing
≥3 times per day	48	80.0	1.00	0.618
≤2 times per day	164	83.2	0.97 (0.86–1.09)
Frequency of flossing
≥1 time per day	166	83.8	1.00	0.705
<1 time per day	77	85.6	1.02 (0.91–1.13)
Visible plaque
No	16	33.3	1.00	<0.001	1.00	<0.001
Yes	206	95.8	2.87 (1.92–4.29)		2.79 (1.81–4.30)
Caries activity
No	187	93.0	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.875
Yes	56	64.4	1.44 (1.23–1.69)		1.01 (0.89–1.14)