Dynamical Behaviours of Stage-Structured Fractional-Order Prey-Predator Model with Crowley–Martin Functional Response

Figure 2

Shows the local stability of the equilibrium point at which x (t) represents immature prey species, y (t) represents mature prey species, and z (t) represents predator species. The values in Table 2 are used with different values of fractional-order(a) , (b) , (c) , and (d) .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)