Table 1: Model parameters for all the sites.

Site Plaza Sidewalk Grassland Transmitting antenna height, 1 m 3 cm 3 cm 1 m 3 cm 3 cm 1 m 3 cm 3 cm Receiving antenna height, 1 m 1 m 2 m 1 m 1 m 2 m 1 m 1 m 2 m One-slope model   1.86 2.21 1.86 1.99 2.47 2.14 1.90 2.48 2.08   () (dB) 42.86 51.51 53.81 40.36 50.91 52.49 40.51 51.08 53.56   (dB) 3.25 4.34 4.62 2.45 5.74 5.23 3.02 5.19 5.59   0.89 0.89 0.86 0.93 0.87 0.87 0.91 0.89 0.85   (m) 6664 680 1711 5117 362 739 7507 346 810 Two-slope model   1.52 1.00 1.06 1.55 1.01 1.05 1.26 0.65 1.14   3.74 2.91 2.87 3.34 3.31 3.29 3.93 3.62 3.43  () (dB) 67.68 57.29 60.54 69.29 55.35 58.87 65.03 55.69 62.36  () (dB) 65.61 60.26 61.36 67.84 57.36 61.44 66.09 57.57 64.04   (dB) 2.49 1.99 1.75 3.09 2.02 1.69 2.98 1.37 1.39   (dB) 1.85 2.94 2.25 1.55 3.47 2.01 1.51 1.90 1.42   0.89 0.43 0.50 0.87 0.34 0.64 0.84 0.65 0.80   0.91 0.92 0.94 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.93 0.98 0.98   (m) 32 5 7 38 4 7 38 5 9   (m) 631 351 475 916 205 278 627 182 259 Plane-earth model   (m) 708 123 173 708 123 173 708 123 173 Free-space model   (m) 4983