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Transporter | Tissues | Roles and properties |
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SGLT transporters |
|
SGLT1 | Small intestine, kidney. | Intestinal absorption of glucose from meal. Renal reabsorption of glucose. |
SGLT2 | Kidney. | Renal absorption of glucose from glomerular filtrate. |
|
Class I GLUT transporters |
|
GLUT1 | Erythrocytes, brain (blood-brain barrier). | Basal glucose uptake. |
GLUT2 | Liver, pancreatic islet cells, small intestine, kidney. | Glucose sensing in pancreatic β-cells. Trans-epithelial glucose and fructose transport. High-capacity, low-affinity glucose transporter. |
GLUT3 | Brain (neuronal), testis. | Glucose neural transporter. |
GLUT4 | Muscle, heart, adipose tissue. | Expressed in tissues with insulin-stimulated acute glucose transport. In response to insulin, it is translocated to plasma membrane. |
GLUT14 | Testis. | |
|
Class II GLUT transporters |
|
GLUT5 | Small intestine, testis, muscle. | Only fructose transporter. |
GLUT7 | Intestine, testis, prostate. | |
GLUT9 | Liver, kidney. | |
GLUT11 | Heart, adipose tissue, kidney, placenta, muscle. | GLUT11 has three isoforms: GLUT11a, GLUT11b, and GLUT11c, with distinct tissue distribution. |
|
Class III GLUT transporters |
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GLUT6 | Brain, spleen, leukocytes. | |
GLUT8 | Brain, testis, adipocytes. | |
GLUT10 | Heart, lung, brain, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, placenta, and kidney. | Mutations in GLUT10 were associated with arterial tortuosity syndrome. GLUT10 deficiency is associated with the upregulation of TGFB pathway in Loeys-Dietz syndrome. |
GLUT12 | Placenta, adipose tissue, small intestine and skeletal muscle. | In skeletal muscle, it is translocated to plasma membrane in response to insulin, like GLUT4. |
HMIT | Brain. | Myoinositol transporter. |
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