Vitamin D Pathway Genes, Diet, and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Table 5
VDR haplotypes and RCC risk among males before and after stratification by cumulative
Low cumulative exposure
Medium cumulative exposure
High cumulative exposure
Male Participants
6.00 (low-exposure-unit-years)
6.00–16.10 (low-exposure-unit-years)
16.10 (low-exposure-unit-years)
VDR
Cases
Controls
Main effect
Cases
Controls
Cases
Controls
Cases
Controls
Haplotypes
%
%
OR
(LCI-UCI)
P-value
%
%
OR
(LCI-UCI)
P-value
%
%
OR
(LCI-UCI)
P-value
%
%
OR
(LCI-UCI)
P-value
LRT
-rs2254210, rs2853564, rs4760648-
G-A-T
39.9
43.8
1.00
44.2
41.5
1.00
38.5
42.7
1.00
37.4
46.2
1.00
A-G-C
31.7
28.3
1.27
(1.03–1.57)
.02
29.7
31.0
0.93
(0.63–1.37)
.72
31.7
28.7
1.23
(0.87–1.74)
.25
33.5
25.6
1.70
(1.14–2.53)
.01
G-A-C
19.5
18.5
1.19
(0.94–1.51)
.16
16.9
18.0
0.84
(0.52–1.37)
.49
22.2
17.2
1.46
(0.99–2.16)
.06
19.2
20.3
1.15
(0.75–1.78)
.52
G-G-C
5.7
6.6
0.97
(0.67–1.42)
.88
5.3
7.1
0.74
(0.36–1.50)
.40
5.5
7.7
0.76
(0.42–1.39)
.38
6.6
5.3
1.83
(0.88–3.81)
.11
Global P
.31
.82
.21
.13
.06
Main effects adjusted for age, study center, BMI, self-reported hypertensive status, and smoking status. Occupational UV effect adjusted for age, study center, BMI, self-reported hypertensive status, smoking status, and dietary intake frequency of vitamin D rich foods. rs2245210 (IVS3-816G > A) main effects: AG (0.86(0.63–1.18)), GG (0.71(0.52–0.98)), P-trend = .02; rs2853564 (IVS2-1930A > G) main effects: AG (1.00(0.75–1.33)), GG (0.77(0.58–1.04)), P-trend = .03; rs4760648 (IVS2-4108C > T) main effects: CT (0.81(0.65–1.00)), TT (0.64(0.48–0.85)), P-trend = .002. Likelihood Ratio Test.
