Association between Serum Uric Acid Levels and Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Characteristics of the study population by categories of serum uric acid level^*†.

Characteristics	Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4	𝑃 value
Age, years	43.91±0.31	43.66±0.31	46.58±0.31	50.71±0.31	<0.0001
Women, %	53.52±1.57	55.77±1.18	49.49±1.26	51.01±1.12	0.0073
Race-ethnicity, %					0.0010
Non-Hispanic whites	77.75±1.65	78.17±1.45	75.53±1.43	75.59±1.53
Non-Hispanic blacks	9.73±0.67	9.84±0.65	9.71±0.73	12.45±0.88
Mexican Americans	5.60±0.49	5.17±0.42	5.32±0.58	4.62±0.42
Others	6.92±1.17	6.82±1.04	9.44±1.15	7.35±0.89
Education categories, %					0.0002
Below high school	22.36±1.40	21.59±1.14	22.71±1.33	27.19±1.35
High school	32.19±1.35	35.88±1.19	33.47±1.52	34.56±0.99
Above high school	45.45±2.11	42.53±1.63	43.82±1.66	38.25±1.38
Smoking, %					<0.0001
Never smoker	49.08±1.45	46.21±1.52	50.17±1.64	47.05±1.31
Former smoker	20.21±1.07	22.78±1.02	23.91±1.19	28.22±0.98
Current smoker	30.72±1.21	31.01±1.62	25.92±1.33	24.74±1.18
Alcohol intake, %
Current drinker	54.36±1.99	55.17±1.80	57.91±1.45	53.44±1.81	0.0680
Body mass index, kg/m^2					<0.0001
Normal	63.90±1.40	53.22±1.14	38.79±1.28	24.36±0.88
Overweight	26.95±1.10	32.28±0.89	36.33±1.44	35.97±1.31
Obese	9.16±0.77	14.50±0.98	24.88±1.11	39.67±1.22
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	195.03±0.73	200.54±0.72	207.12±0.73	214.81±0.73	<0.0001

*Data presented are row percentages or mean values ± standard error (SE).
^†Serum uric acid quartiles: <4.3 mg/dL, 4.30–5.20 mg/dL, 5.30–6.20 mg/dL, >6.20 mg/dL.