Elevation of sE-Selectin Levels 2–24 Months following Gestational Diabetes Is Associated with Early Cardiometabolic Risk in Nondiabetic Women
Table 1
Characteristics of women with previous history of GDM (pGDM group) and control participants with normal glucose regulation during pregnancy (pNGT group).
Variables (units)
pGDM ()
pNGT ()
-values
Age (years)
29.00 (26.00, 35.00)
27.00 (25.00, 35.50)
0.2040
BMI (kg/m2)
23.68 (20.96, 27.54)
22.00 (20.31, 24.33)
0.0098
Waist (m)
0.80 (0.73–0.92)
0.74 (0.69–0.78)
0.0007
HbA1C (%)
5.50 (5.40–5.70)
5.40 (5.30–5.40)
0.4399*
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
4.50 (4.61–5.33)
4.72 (4.50–4.78)
0.0001*
2-h (OGTT) plasma glucose (mmol/L)
6.16 (5.55–7.66)
4.84 (4.77–5.44)
0.1655*
Insulin (pmol/L)
54.87 (41.67–80,56)
63.20 (54.87–71.53)
0.1755
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL)
1113.53 (419.60–1616.70)
672.05 (455.70–1113.46)
0.00018*
sICAM-1 (ng/mL)
294.89 (238.73–364.19)
140.40 (121.34–179.90)
0.5053*
sE-selectin (ng/mL)
28.13 (19.17–43.95)
20.90 (17.11–26.01)
0.0791* 0.4791**
tPA:Ag (ng/mL)
4.89 (3.53–7.66)
3.50 (2.66–4.64)
0.4058*
vWF:Ag (%)
104.30 (96.20–122.30)
104.87 (74.96–125.67)
0.4405
PAI-1:Ag (ng/mL)
57.09 (46.28–79.43)
71.36 (50.54–81.80)
0.1371
hsCRP (μg/mL)
1.22 (0.66–2.76)
0.41 (0.22–0.79)
<0.0004* 0.1939**
Total-cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.04 (4.55–5.51)
4.56 (4.27–5.09)
0.9940*
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.53 (1.28–1.73)
1.73 (1.56–1.82)
0.0027* 0.0449**
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
3.10 (2.79–3.54)
2.57 (2.30–3.05)
0.4022*
Triglyceride (mmol/L)
0.97 (0.78–12.83)
0.86 (0.67–1.05)
0.0006* <0.0001**
Triglyceride/HDL cholesterol
1.52 (1.06–2.63)
1.11 (0.89–1.50)
<0.0001* <0.0001**
HOMA-IR (%)
1.67 (1.22–2.80)
1.89 (1.58–2.37)
0.3973
NFG/IGT n (%)
16 (18.82)
—
—
IFG/NGT n (%)
7 (8.24)
—
—
IFG/IGT n (%)
5 (5.88)
—
—
NFG/NGT n (%)
57 (67.06)
40 (100)
—
Values are median (IQR) or (%). P values were from U-Mann Whitney test. *adjusted for body mass index, **adjusted for fasting glucose.
