Genetically Engineered Islets and Alternative Sources of Insulin-Producing Cells for Treating Autoimmune Diabetes: Quo Vadis?

Table 2

Genetically engineered islets for transplantation therapy.

Vector type	Gene carried by vector	Effect on islet transplantation	Reference
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	siRNA to caspase 3	Decrease cell apoptosis in recipients	[54]
Adenovirus	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)	Increase successful rate of islet transplantation and reduce cell apoptosis in a syngeneic model	[55]
Gene gun transfection	CTLA-4-Ig	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in an allogeneic model	[45]
Adenovirus/lentivirus	CTLA-4-Ig or TGF-β	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in a xenogenetic model (rat to mouse)	[46]
Transfection by Lipofectin	Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO)	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in an allogeneic model	[56]
Adenovirus	TGF-β	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in diabetic NOD mice	[51]
Adeno-associated virus	IL-10	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in diabetic NOD mice	[52]
Adenovirus	IL-10	Combine with cyclosporin A, prolong islet grafts survival in an allogeneic model	[57]
Adenovirus	Bcl-2	Prolong islet grafts’ survival and maintain functional islet mass in STZ-induced diabetic mice in a xenogenetic model (nonhuman primate to mouse)	[47]
Adenovirus	Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in STZ-induced diabetic NOD/SCID mice after challenge with diabetogenic splenocytes	[49]
Lentivirus	Thioredoxin	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in diabetic NOD mice	[48]
Lentivirus	Galectin-9	Prolong islet grafts’ survival in STZ-induced diabetic NOD/SCID mice after challenge with diabetogenic splenocytes	Chou et al., manuscript in preparation