Table 2: Symptoms and associated morbidities with low testosterone levels.

Symptoms and associated morbidities Sexual function Cognition and vitality Loss of libido Decline in verbal and visual memory Erections: reduced quality and frequency, including nocturnal erections Decline in visuospatial performance Oligospermia or azoospermia Depressed mood Gynecomastia/breast discomfort Decreased energy Changes in secondary hair characteristics (e.g., shaving) Decline in feelings of initiative Changes in size of testes Decreased sense of vitality Decreased fertility Muscle, bone, and body composition Other Progressive decrease in muscle mass Sleep disturbance Decreased physical function Lipid abnormalities Decrease in bone mineral density; osteopenia, osteoporosis, increased risk of bone fractures Mild anemia (normochromic, normocytic) Increase in visceral fat Decreased response to PDE5 inhibitors