Nerium oleander Distillate Improves Fat and Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Table 3

Data for body weight, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profiles of groups at the end of the experimental period.

Groups	Body weight; g	FBG; mmol/L	HbA1c; %	Total-C; mmol/L	HDL; mmol/L	LDL; mmol/L	Triglyceride; mmo/L	AI	HDL% in; Total-C	Triglyceride/HDL ratio
C	342.40±19.73^abc	7.99±0.68^a	4.26±0.12^a	1.74±0.04^ab	0.97±0.04^ab	0.60±0.05^ab	0.63±0.09^a	0.77±0.07^ab	55.81±1.93^b	0.65±0.10^ab
CNO-10	305.50±15.42^a	7.06±0.84^a	4.42±0.04^a	1.40±0.14^a	0.91±0.05^a	0.57±0.03^a	0.45±0.04^a	0.71±0.11^ab	58.92±4.06^bc	0.56±0.05^a
HF	375.17±20.37^c	9.95±0.45^ab	4.22±0.06^a	1.83±0.06^b	1.04±0.04^abc	0.73±0.05^ab	0.76±0.10^ab	0.77±0.04^ab	56.61±1.19^b	0.75±0.10^ab
NO-0.1	372.25±9.03^c	15.18±0.90^c	4.63±0.09^a	2.31±0.08^c	1.23±0.03^d	0.63±0.02^ab	1.16±0.14^bc	0.88±0.09^bc	52.03±2.16^ab	0.88±0.13^ab
NO-1	359.25±12.13^bc	14.82±1.31^c	4.64±0.19^a	1.96±0.07^bc	1.09±0.07^bcd	0.54±0.04^a	1.13±0.14^bc	0.89±0.04^bc	53.16±1.19^ab	0.97±0.07^bc
NO-10	387.36±12.77^c	14.35±0.71^bc	4.57±0.07^a	1.86±0.08^b	1.20±0.04^d	0.56±0.02^a	1.08±0.02^bc	0.61±0.10^a	63.27±3.47^c	0.92±0.05^b
D	298.33±18.28^a	23.98±2.48^d	5.51±0.30^b	2.86±0.29^d	1.16±0.03^cd	0.85±0.20^b	1.48±0.16^c	1.09±0.05^c	48.41±1.00^a	1.42±0.17^d
G	322.44±17.61^ab	21.34±2.55^d	5.52±0.33^b	2.27±0.04^c	1.02±0.04^abc	0.64±0.04^ab	1.32±0.09^c	1.10±0.04^c	47.68±0.87^a	1.26±0.08^cd
P	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.05	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.001	𝑃<0.0001	𝑃<0.0001

Values are mean ± SEM.
^a,b,cMeans with different superscript letters within a column are significantly different from each other at P value ( Duncan’s test) which is represented at the end of same column. 𝑃<0.05, significant, 𝑃<0.01 and 𝑃<0.001, highly significant.
FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; Total-C: total cholesterol; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; AI: atherogenic index.
After 2-week feeding of high fat diet, diabetes was induced in fasted animals by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg bw) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) [11].
C: healthy control, normal diet; CNO-10: healthy control, normal diet and NO distillate at a dose of 375 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water/d; HF: healthy control high fat diet;. NO-0.1: type 2 diabetic, high fat diet, and NO distillate at a dose of 3.75 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water/d; NO-1: type 2 diabetic, high fat diet, and NO distillate at a dose of 37.5 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water/d; NO-10: type 2 diabetic, high fat diet, and NO distillate at a dose of 375 μg/0.5 mL of distilled water/d; D: type 2 diabetic, high fat diet; G: type 2 diabetic, high fat diet, and glibenclamide at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg bw/0.5 mL of distilled water/d.