Ref. Patients
BMI start Age Intervention Duration Body weight loss Effect on skeletal muscle Effect on IMCLs kg/m2 yrs kg insulin sensitivity
[45 ] Obese NGT 12 31 ± 2 Unknown 25% caloric restriction 6 months −8 kg Si: no change No change 12 33 ± 2 12,5% caloric restriction + 12,5% exercise −8 kg Si 37 ± 18%,
No change 11 33 ± 2 15% weight loss hypocaloric diet 1200 kcal/day −11 kg Si 70 ± 34%,
No change 11 31 ± 2 controls 0 kg Si: no change No change
[39 ] Morbid obese NGT 9 48 ± 9 39 ± 12 Diet 1200 kcal/day 6 months −14 ± 12 kg M value: no change No change 8 51 ± 8 39 ± 12 Biliopancreatic diversion −33 ± 10 kg M value
to 52 ± 11 μ mol/kg FFM/min,
to
AU,
Controls 7 27 ± 1 35 ± 11 Controls Unknown M value: no change; baseline 53 ±13 μ mol/kg FFM/min No change; baseline
[46 ] Obese NGT 20 34 ± 1 42 ± 2 −700 kcal compared to normal diet 15 weeks −11 kg OGTT: no change No change followed bij energy restriction + exercise 21 ± 2 weeks −5 kg OGTT: no change No change
[41 ] Obese T2DM 8 30 ± 1 47 ± 3 1200 kcal/day 3% fat diet (untill normoglycemia) 3–12 weeks (mean 7) GDR: no change No change studies after weight stabilisation period 4 weeks −8 ± 1 kg [42 ] Obese NGT 13 33 ± 2 Unknown −522 kcal compared to normal diet 3 months −6 kg M value: no change No change
[43 ] Overweight T2DM 7 27 ± 3 55 ± 5 −25–30 kcal/kg LBM 2 weeks BMI −
% M value: no change No change 7 27 ± 3 46 ± 3 −25–30 kcal/kg LBM + advice to walk 2-3 td 5-6 days/week BMI
% M value
to
mg/kg/min;
to
IMCL/Cr,
[44 ] Morbid obese NGT 7 44 ± 6 Unknown Diet 1200 kcal/day 6 months −5 ± 4 kg M value: no change No change [48 ] Obese T2DM 13 36 ± 1 50 ± 3 VLCD 600–800 kcal/day 8 weeks −9 ± 1 kg HOMA-IR −0.9 is −44 ± 7%,
No change
[49 ] Obese NGT 5 36 ± 5 38 ± 12 VLCD 700 kcal/day 6 days −2.3 kg GDR: no change −56%,
(1 H-MRS) Obese T2DM 7 37 ± 7 43 ± 6 VLCD 700 kcal/day 6 days −3.7 kg GDR: no change −40%,
(1 H-MRS) [50 ] Obese T2DM 10 40 ± 2 55 ± 3 VLCD 500 kcal/day until 50% excess weight was lost Mean 17 weeks −22 kg GDR
to
umol/kg LBM/min,
7 ± 14 to 4 ± 1 AU,
[51 ] Obese NGT 7 33 ± 1 46 ± 2 25% caloric restriction; goal 7% weight loss
weeks −11 ± 2%, ca −8 kg M value increased 29 ± 7
Decreased,
9 35 ± 1 42 ± 3 25% caloric restriction +3/5 days/wk exercise at 60–70% MHR
weeks −9 ± 1%, ca −9 kg M value increased 38 ± 9
No change [52 ] Obese T2DM 10 34 ± 1 44 ± 3 25% caloric restriction +3/5 days/wk exercise at 60–70% MHR 16–20 weeks −
% = ca 7 kg GDR
to
mg/kg LBM/min,
48 ± 1 to 50 ± 1 HU,
(CT) [53 ] Obese NGT 21 33 40 −500–1000 kcal compared to normal diet with 4–6 x/wk exercise at 65–75% MHR 16 weeks −10 kg GDR 6.5 naar 9.7 mg/kg LBM/min
No change
[54 ] Obese IGT 11 34 ± 1 67 ± 1 −600 kcal/day compared to normal diet and aerobic exercise 5 days/wk 60 min at 75%
12 weeks ca −8 kg M value
to
mg/kg LBM/min,
to
LAI%,
12 35 ± 2 66 ± 1 Aerobic exercise 5 days/wk 60 min at 75%
12 weeks ca −3 kg M value
to
mg/kg LBM/min,
to
LAI%,
[55 ] Obese NGT 25 30 ± 1 66 ± 1 4-5 days/wk supervised aerobic exercise at 75% MHR 16 weeks −1.3 kg M value: no change 21% increase,
[56 ] Obese NGT 20 30 ± 1 59 ± 1 2x/week 30 min aerobic + 1x/week resistance exercise both at 55%
12 weeks no change GDR: no change No change Obese T2DM 18 30 ± 1 59 ± 1 no change GDR
to
umol/kg/min,
No change [47 ] Obese IFG or IGT 8 8
Diet aimed at 10% weight loss and <30% fat Ex. 4-5 days/week 45 min/session moderate intense 16 weeks 16 weeks −
% −
% insulin-stimulated Rd +
%, from ~8 mg/kg FFM/min insulin-stimulated Rd +
%, from ~8 mg/kg FFM/min Decrease
% Increase
%