Table 1: Studies evaluating the association of OPG levels with indices of glycemic control, subclinical atherosclerosis, or cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.

Study Population Results Olesen et al., 2005 [28] 21 type 1/type 2 patients Increased OPG levels in the aortic tunica media are associated with vascular calcifications Browner et al., 2001 [37] 35 type 2 patients OPG is associated with cardiovascular mortality Avignon et al., 2007 [51] 465 type 1/type 2 patients OPG is associated with silent myocardial ischemia Rasmussen et al., 2006 [52] 400 type 1 patients OPG is associated with poor glycemic control and CVD Blazquez-Medela et al., 2012 [53] 52 type 2 patients OPG is an indicator of endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk Altinova et al., 2011 [57] 166 type 2 patients OPG is associated with poor glycemic control and microalbuminuria Grauslund et al., 2010 [58] 200 type 1 patients OPG is associated with nephropathy Poulsen et al., 2011 [61] 735 type 2 patients OPG is associated with carotid and peripheral arterial disease Ishiyama et al., 2009 [62] 168 type 2 patients OPG is positively associated with vascular calcifications and CIMT Shin et al., 2006 [63] 104 type 2 patients OPG levels are associated with endothelial dysfunction Terekeci et al., 2009 [64] 42 type 2 patients OPG levels are associated with neuropathy Xiang et al., 2007 [70] 22 type 1 patients OPG are associated with endothelial function