Association between Osteocalcin, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Role of Total and Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study population in all groups and based on the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome.
Variable
All
MetS
Non-MetS
Number ()
203
134
69
Age (years)
52.5 ± 9.6
52.3 ± 9.7
52.7 ± 9.1
0.74
BMI (kg/m2)
30.8 ± 5.7
32.2 ± 5.5
28.05 ± 5.3
0.00
Waist circumference
100.7 ± 12.7
104.5 ± 10.8
92 ± 12.25
0.00
HbA1c
8.8 ± 1.9
8.6 ± 1.8
8.38 ± 2.13
0.38
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
5.0 ± 0.9
5.1 ± 0.94
4.9 ± 0.92
0.1
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
3.1 ± 0.8
3.1 ± 0.88
3.0 ± 0.75
0.29
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.1 ± 0.3
1.09 ± 0.31
1.29 ± 0.38
0.00
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.6 ± 0.7
1.83 ± 0.78
1.26 ± 0.52
0.00
Apo B (g/L)
1.0 ± 0.2
1.14 ± 0.26
0.99 ± 0.21
0.00
Apo A-1 (g/L)
1.3 ± 0.2
1.35 ± 0.24
1.41 ± 0.31
0.17
Apo B/Apo A-1
0.8 ± 0.2
0.85 ± 0.22
0.74 ± 0.28
0.00
Median (IQR)
MetS
Non-MetS
Total OC (μg/L)
8.8 (4.5)
8.4 (3.7)
9.8 (5.8)
0.01
Carboxylated OC (μg/L)
0.53 (0.5)
0.54 (0.6)
0.53 (0.4)
0.66
Undercarboxylated OC (μg/L)
1.14 (1.1)
1.04 (1.0)
1.4 (1.7)
0.03
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise stated. MetS: metabolic syndrome, BMI: body mass index, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, Apo A-1: apolipoprotein A-1, Apo B: apolipoprotein B, OC: osteocalcin. The values were yielded from the MetS versus Non-MetS comparison of the values for each of the measured parameters. values < 0.05 (bold) were considered statistically significant. IQR: interquartile range. *Mann-Whitney test.