How to Estimate Fat Mass in Overweight and Obese Subjects

Table 1

Body composition and biochemical parameters of subjects studied¹.

	F	M
𝑁	74	29
Age (y)	41.6 ± 10.2	43.8 ± 8.1
DXA
Fat tissue (kg)	35.0 ± 6.2	31 ± 7.2*
Android fat (%)	51.5 ± 5.2	45.1 ± 5.2*
Gynoid fat (%)	51.5 ± 5.0	34.6 ± 6.1*
Android/gynoid ratio	1.0 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.1*
Lean tissue (kg)	40.5 ± 5.4	59.3 ± 5.3*
Anthropometry
BMI (kg/m^2)	29.9 ± 3.2	31.0 ± 3.2
Waist (cm)	95.6 ± 9.3	104.6 ± 7.2*
Hips (cm)	109.1 ± 7.1	106.0 ± 6.3
WHR	0.88 ± 0.07	0.98 ± 0.03*
TSF (mm)	28.8 ± 7.1	17.4 ± 5*
BSF (mm)	19.2 ± 8.1	9.7 ± 5.2*
SISF (mm)	31.0 ± 9.2	27.8 ± 10.1
SSSF (mm)	31.9 ± 8.2	30.8 ± 9.4
AFA (cm^2)	5.2 ± 1.0	4.9 ± 1.1
AC (cm)	33.2 ± 3.1	34.2 ± 2.3
CC (cm)	38.6 ± 2.2	39.7 ± 2.2*
AMA (cm^2)	40.6 ± 11.2	56.2 ± 10.2*
MAC (cm)	24.2 ± 2.3	28.7 ± 2.2*
Bioimpedance analysis
𝑅 (Ω)	554.7 ± 58.1	454.6 ± 50.1*
𝑋𝑐(Ω)	57.1 ± 7.1	54.4 ± 7.3
pA (°)	5.9 ± 0.7	6.8 ± 0.9*
TBW (L)	35.5 ± 3	49.2 ± 4.2*
ECW (L)	16.4 ± 1.1	20.8 ± 2.2*
ICW (L)	19.1 ± 2.2	28.4 ± 3.3*
FM-BIA (kg)	30.5 ± 6.2	26.6 ± 6.3*
FMI	11.6 ± 2.1	8.8 ± 2.4*
FFM-BIA (kg)	48.3 ± 4.2	67.3 ± 5.3*
BCM (kg)	24.5 ± 4.2	34.4 ± 7.1*
Laboratory parameters
CT (mg/dL)	200.3 ± 38.2	212.3 ± 35.1*
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	56.4 ± 12.1	43 ± 8.1
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	125.0 ± 30.1	137.3 ± 33.1
CT/HDL ratio	3.6 ±0.71	5.1 ± 1.3*
TG (mg/dL)	94.4 ± 42.2	160.0 ± 103.3*
Free fatty acids (mM/L)	0.42 ± 0.2	0.39 ± 0.1
Glycerol (mM/L)	0.14 ± 0.04	0.14 ± 0.04
Glycaemia (mg/dL)	88.6 ± 9.2	93.5 ± 9.0*
Insulin (IU/mL)	9.4 ± 4.2	11.7 ± 5.3*
HOMA	2.1 ± 1.2	2.7 ± 1.0*
QUICKI	0.35 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.02*
CRP (mg/L)	0.4 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.4
Adiponectin (ng/mL)	93.9 ± 52.1	57.4 ± 28.2*
Leptin (pg/mL)	272.7 ± 163.3	80.3 ± 51.3*
Leptin/adiponectin ratio	3.8 ± 3.4	2.3 ± 3.2*
Ghrelin (pg/mL)	442.4 ± 260.4	240.3 ± 131.3*

1Values are means ± SD.
* 𝑃<0.05.
Legend: BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist hip ratio; BSF: biceps skinfold thickness; TSF: triceps skinfold thickness; SISF: suprailiac skinfold thickness; SSSF: subscapular skinfold thickness; AC: arm circumference; CC: calf circumference; AMA: arm muscle area; AFA: arm fat area; MAC: muscle arm circumference; 𝑅: resistance; 𝑋_𝑐: reactance; pA: phase angle; TBW: total body water; ECW: extracellular water; ICW: intracellular water; FM-BIA: fat mass estimate through bioimpedance analysis; FMI: fat mass index; FFM-BIA: fat free mass estimate through bioimpedance analysis; BCM: body cell mass; CT: cholesterol total; TG: triglycerides; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; CRP: C-reactive protein.