How to Estimate Fat Mass in Overweight and Obese Subjects

Table 3

Univariate analysis: correlation between FM from DXA and anthropometry, bioimpedance, and laboratory parameters.

	𝑟
Anthropometry
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.74*
Waist (cm)	0.4*
Hips (cm)	0.75*
WHR	0.16
TSF (mm)	0.52*
BSF (mm)	0.5*
SISF (mm)	0.48*
SSSF (mm)	0.32*
AFA (cm^2)	0.59*
AC (cm)	0.51*
CC (cm)	0.5*
AMA (cm^2)	0.06
MAC (cm)	0.04
Bioimpedance analysis
𝑅 (Ω)	0.05
𝑋𝑐 (Ω)	0.14
pA (°)	0.2*
TBW (L)	0.06
ECW (L)	0.07
ICW (L)	0.12
FM-BIA (kg)	0.91*
FMI	0.86*
FFM-BIA (kg)	0.06
BCM (kg)	0.2*
Laboratory parameters
CT (mg/dL)	0.08
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.07
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.08
CT/HDL ratio	0.19
TG (mg/dL)	0.09
Free fatty acids (mM/L)	0.03
Glycerol (mM/L)	0.02
Glycaemia (mg/dL)	0.1
Insulin (IU/mL)	0.24*
HOMA	0.2*
QUICKI	0.18
CRP (mg/L)	0.43*
Adiponectin (ng/mL)	0.1
Leptin (pg/mL)	0.57*
Leptin/adiponectin ratio	0.42*
Ghrelin (pg/mL)	0.2

^∗𝑃<0.05.
Legend: BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist hip ratio; BSF: biceps skinfold thickness; TSF: triceps skinfold thickness; SISF: suprailiac skinfold thickness; SSSF: subscapular skinfold thickness; AC: arm circumference; CC: calf circumference; AMA: arm muscle area; AFA: arm fat area; MAC: muscle arm circumference; 𝑅: resistance; 𝑋_𝑐: reactance; pA: phase angle; TBW: total body water; ECW: extracellular water; ICW: intracellular water; FM-BIA: fat mass estimate through bioimpedance analysis; FMI: fat mass index; FFM-BIA: fat free mass estimate through bioimpedance analysis; BCM: body cell mass; CT: cholesterol total; TG: triglycerides; HOMA: homeostasis model assessment; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; CRP: C-reactive protein.