Cardiovascular Risk Profiles amongst Women in a Multiethnic Population in Inner City Britain: A Potential Impact of Anaemia

Table 2

Impact of anaemia on the distribution of CVD risk profiles in women by ethnic group.

Risk factor	Type of anaemia	Caucasian; (𝑛=1705)	South Asian; (𝑛=266)	Afro-Caribbean; (𝑛=118)	𝑃 value*
Type 2 diabetes	All anaemia	6.3 (5.1–7.4)	20.5 (16.0–25.4)	9.2 (4.0–14.4)	<0.001
	Iron deficiency anaemia	3.0 (2.1–4.0)	45.0 (39.0–51.0)	0.0	<0.001
	Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia	10.5 (9.1–12.0)	8.5 (5.2–12.0)	0.0	0.756
	Anaemia of chronic disease	7.0 (5.3–8.0)	15.2 (11.0–20.0)	10.1 (5.0–16.0)	0.002
Ischemic heart disease	All anaemia	9.2 (8.0–11.0)	11.4 (8.0–15.2)	3.5 (0.2–7.0)	0.005
	Iron deficiency anaemia	12.0 (10.2–13.3)	0.0	0.0	0.206
	Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia	12.4 (10.8–13.9)	26.6 (21.3–31.9)	0.0	0.168
	Anaemia of chronic disease	9.0 (7.2–10.0)	8.4 (5.1–12.0)	0.0	0.065
Myocardial infarction	All anaemia	1.6 (1.0–2.2)	2.0 (0.2–3.4)	0.0	0.356
	Iron deficiency anaemia	2.3 (1.6–3.0)	2.4 (0.5–4.2)	0.0	0.731
	Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia	1.0 (0.5–1.4)	4.3 (2.0–7.0)	0.0	0.171
	Anaemia of chronic disease	1.6 (1.0–2.2)	2.0 (0.3–4.0)	0.0	0.632
Hypertension	All anaemia	15.3 (14.0–17.0)	29.2 (24.0–35.0)	25.0 (17.0–32.2)	0.918
	Iron deficiency anaemia	21.0 (19.0–23.0)	28.0 (22.4–33.2)	0.0	0.786
	Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia	24.0 (22.0–26.0)	23.4 (18.3–28.5)	0.0	0.601
	Anaemia of chronic disease	13.4 (12.0–15.0)	23.0 (18.0–28.0)	19.4 (12.3–27.0)	0.970
Atrial fibrillation	All anaemia	6.6 (5.4–7.8)	1.1 (0–2.3)	3.5 (0.2–6.9)	<0.001
	Iron deficiency anaemia	10.3 (9.0–12.0)	2.4 (0.5–4.2)	0.0	0.024
	Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia	8.8 (7.4–10.1)	0.0	0.0	0.583
	Anaemia of chronic disease	6.1 (0.0–2.1)	1.0 (0.0–2.1)	7.1 (3.0–12.0)	0.005

Data are age-adjusted percent (95% CI).
*On the basis of chi-square test across all groups.