Exercise for Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

Table 1

Summary of RCTs which assessed the effect of exercise training on hepatic fat content of subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Study	Patients	Design and duration	Intervention	Technique for fat assessment	Effect of intervention
					BMI	Body composition	Hepatic fat content
Tamura et al., (2005) [11]	14, overweight	Diet versus diet plus exercise; 2 weeks	AER exercise 50–60% VO2max, 30 min, 5-6 times a week; low-fat diet	H-MRS	D: −0.4 kg/m^2; D + EX: −0.7 kg/m^2	Body fat; D: −2.4%; D + EX: −2.8%	D: −2.18%; D + EX: −1.48%; (absolute change)
Bonekamp et al., (2008) [12]	45, obese	Exercise versus control group; 6 months	Moderate AER and weightlifting exercise, 45 min, 3 times a week; (Diet: ?)	H-MRS	No change	Body fat; EX: −1.3%; SAT; EX: −12 cm^2	EX: −2.5%; (absolute change)
Lazo et al., (2010) [13]	96, obese	Intensive lifestyle versus standard diabetes support and education; 12 months	Moderate AER exercise, 175 min per week; moderate caloric restriction	H-MRS	−2.6 kg/m^2	Body fat: −8.8%; SAT: −6.7%; VAT: −12.7%	D + EX: −50.8%; DSE: −22.8% (percent change)
Albu et al., (2010) [14]	58, obese	Intensive lifestyle versus standard diabetes support and education; 12 months	Moderate AER exercise, 175 min per week; moderate caloric restriction	CT scan	D + EX: −4 kg/m^2 in men; −2.8 kg/m^2 in women	Body fat; D + EX: −27.7% in men; −14% in women	D + EX: −18%; in both men and women; (percent change)
Bozzetto et al., (2012) [15]	45, obese	CHO/fibers versus MUFA versus CHO/fibers + exercise versus MUFA + exercise; 8 weeks	AER exercise 70% of baseline VO2peaks, 45 min 2 times a week	H-MRS	No change	No change	MUFA: −29%; MUFA + EX: −25%; (percent change)
Bacchi et al., (2013) [16]	31, overweight or obese	Aerobic versus resistance training; 4 months	AER exercise 60–65% HRR 60 min, 3 times a week; RES exercise: 9 exercises, 3 series, 10 repetitions at 70–80% 1RM, 60 min, 3 times a week; habitual diet	MRI	AER: −0.70 kg/m^2; RES: −0.55 kg/m^2	Body fat; AER: −1.90 kg; RES: −1.76 kg; VAT; AER: −66.8 cm^2; RES: −38.0 cm^2; SAT; AER: −17.5 cm^2; RES: −22.5 cm^2	AER: −32.8%; RES: −25.9% (percent change)

AER: aerobic training; CHO: carbohydrate; CT: computed tomography imaging; D: diet only; D + EX: diet plus exercise; DES: standard diabetes support and education; EX: exercise; HRR: heart rate reserve; H-MRS: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; RES: resistance training; 1RM: one repetition maximum; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; MUFA: multi-unsaturated fatty acid diet.