Does Regular Exercise without Weight Loss Reduce Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents?

Table 2

Aerobic exercise and insulin resistance (randomized controlled trials).

References

Gender

Age

Treatment

BW; (kg)

BMI; (kg/m^2)

IS

Study; Duration

Protocol

ΔBW; (kg)

ΔBMI; (kg/m^2)

ΔIS; (%)

IS; Measure

Kelly et al. [51]

9 boys; 11 girls

11.0

Control; exercise

73.5; 75.4

30.5; 32.1

6.0; 6.2

8 wk

4 times/wk, 30–50 min/session; 50–80% of VO2 peak

0.8; 1.1

−0.1; 0.0

−2.8; 5.2

2 h Glucose (OGTT); (mmol/L)

Meyer et al. [42]

47 boys; 49 girls

12–16

Control; exercise

NA

31.0; 29.8

4.4; 3.9

6 mo

3 days/wk, 60–90 min/day; swimming, games, and so forth

NA

0.3; −2.6*

11.0; −20.8*

HOMA-IR

Kim et al. [52]

26 boys; (Korean)

17.0

Control; exercise

90.4; 89.7

29.4; 29.6

2.9; 2.5

6 wk

5 days/wk, 40 min/day; Jump rope (60–90 jumps/min)

0.0; −2.2*

−0.3; −1.0*

−18.2; −33.6*

HOMA-IR

Savoye et al. [19]

68 boys; 106 girls

8–16

Control; exercise

91.2; 87.0

36.2; 35.8

5.2; 5.1

1 yr

Exercise & behavior modification.; >100 min/wk for the first 6 mo; >200 min/mo for the last 6 mo; 65–80% of maximal HR

6 mo/1 yr; 5.0/7.7; −2.6^†/0.3^†

6 mo/1 yr; 1.1/1.6; −2.1^†/−1.7^†

6 mo/1 yr; 6.1/16.8; −27.7^†/−27.8^†

HOMA-IR

Lee et al. [20]

45 boys

12–18

Control; exercise

100.0; 106.5

33.9; 36.6

2.7; 2.2

3 mo

3 days/wk, 60 min/session; 50~75% of VO2 peak

2.6*; −0.04

0.3; −0.3

−3.7; 18.2^*†

Euglycemic clamp; (mL/kg/min per µU/min)

Davis et al. [21]

94 boys; 128 girls

7–11

Control; Low-dose exercise; High-dose exercise

NA

26.3; 25.9; 25.6

2.5; 2.2; 2.4

10–15 wk

5 days/wk, HR > 150 bpm; Low-dose: 20 min/day; High-dose: 40 min/day

NA

NA

Adjusted mean diff. 0.11 (high versus low); 0.56 (low versus con.); 0.67 (high versus con.)

Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity

BMI: body mass index; BW: body weight; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IS: insulin sensitivity; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; Δ: Change score.
*Significantly different from baseline within each group (𝑃<0.05).
^†Significantly different from controls or other groups (𝑃<0.05).