Review Article
Assessment and Molecular Actions of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Interfere with Estrogen Receptor Pathways
Table 2
Biological recognition elements and transducers usually used in the development of biosensors.
| Biological recognition elements | Transducers |
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(i) Cells (ii) Membranes (iii) Nucleic acids (iv) Protein: (a) Antibodies (b) Enzymes (c) Membrane receptors (d) Nuclear receptors (e) Peptides | (i) Optical (a) Fluorescence (BRET, FRET, fluorescence anisotropy ⋯) (b) Colorimetry (c) Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (d) Reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RfIS) (ii) Electrochemical (a) Amperometric (b) Conductimetry (c) Potentiometry (iii) Piezoelectric (a) Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) (iv) Thermal (a) Differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSC) (b) Isothermal microcalorimetry (ITC). |
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