Inflammatory Factors and Exercise in Chronic Kidney Disease

Table 1

Progression of chronic kidney disease [2].

CKD stage	Description	GFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)
1	Renal damage with increased or normal GFR	≥90
2	Renal damage with a mild reduction in GFR	60–89
3a	Moderate reduction in GFR with or without evidence of other renal damage	45–59
3b		30–44
4	Severe reduction in GFR with or without evidence of renal damage	15–29
5	Established renal failure	<15

CKD: chronic kidney disease; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.
Use the suffix (p) to denote the presence of proteinuria when staging CKD and define proteinuria as urinary ACR (albumin : creatinine ratio) ≥30 mg/mmol, or PCR (protein : creatinine ratio) ≥50 mg/mmol.