BM and BMI: NS; Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (cm2): NS
8 m
T2DM exercise
Endurance exercise (75% VO2 peak, 45 min) twice a week, with intermittent exercise (five 2 min exercises at 85% VO2 peak separated by 3 min exercises at 50% VO2 peak) once a week, on a cycle ergometer
None
8 weeks
6.05 ± 4.60
5.60 ± 4.30
NS
BM and BMI: NS; Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (cm2): decrease
Three-four times/week of four 20–30 min/session. Two of the exercise days consisted of step aerobics and 1-2 of the exercise days consisted of treadmill or stationary cycle exercise
The subjects worked on cycle ergometer at an intensity corresponding to 55% of O2 max for 30 min per session at the beginning, increasing progressively toward an intensity of 75% of O2 max for 50 min during the last 6 weeks of the training protocol.
Exercise training (fast slope walking, slope jogging, dumbbells, stretching, leg cycling, and jumping rope) for 30–60 min at 60–70% HRR on 4-5 times/week
RT for approximately 60 min on 3 times/week at 45–50% of 1RM
None
24 weeks
9.1 ± 0.7
8.8 ± 0.7
BM: NS; BMI: decrease
12 m
Overweight elderly moderate- intensity RT
RT for approximately 60 min on 3 times/week at 60–65% of 1RM
None
24 weeks
8.9 ± 0.6
8.7 ± 0.4
BM: NS; BMI: decrease
14 m
Overweight elderly high- intensity RT
RT for approximately 60 min on 3 times/week at 80–85% of 1RM
None
24 weeks
9.7 ± 0.6
7.8 ± 0.6
BM: NS; BMI: decrease
Results are reported as mean ± SD or SE; P value reported for pre- versus postvalues. f: female; HRM: heart rate maximum; m: male; NS: not significant; RM: repetition maximum; RT: resistance training; T2DM: type 2 diabetes; O2 max: maximal oxygen uptake; WL: weight loss.