|
Authors | . subjects | Age | Dosage /kg/day | Duration | BF | BR | Clinical effects |
|
Johansson et al., 1992 [262] | 1 M | — | 80 /kg/day 2 | | | | Bone formation markers increased |
|
Ebeling et al., 1993 [263] | 18 PMO | 66.3 ± 7.8
| 30 60 120 180 | 7 days | | | Significant dose-dependent BR, less BF. Longer treatments are suggested |
|
Rubin et al., 1994 [264] | 1 W, Werner syndrome, low serum IGF-1 level, and osteoporosis. | — | 30–75 | 6 months | | | Lumbar bone mass increased 3% BMD |
|
Grinspoon et al., 1995 [265] | 14 W normal | 19–33 | 100 μ × 2 | 6 days | |
— | Increase bone formation |
|
Ghiron et al., 1995 [266] | 16 w healthy | | 60, 15 (diet also) | 28 days | | | Increase bone mass |
|
Johansson et al., 1996 [257] | 12 M IO | | 80 | 7 days | | | Enhanced bone formation and bone resorption |
|
Grinspoon et al., 1996 [267] | 23 W | 18–29 | 200, 60 | 6 days | | | Increases markers of bone turnover |
|
Mauras et al., 1996 [268] | 5 M + 3 W 3 M + 2 W | 23–27 23–25 | 240 µ 100 µ | 5–7 days | | | Synergize with sex steroids to maximally stimulate attainment of peak bone mass in humans |
|
Bianda et al., 1997 [245] | 7 M | | 192 µ | 5 days | | | Serum osteocalcin and PICP, the urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine, and calcium/creatinine ratios got significantly higher |
|
Berneis et al., 1999 [159] | 24 M healthy | | GH = 0.15 × 2 IU/kg/day + IGF-1 = 80 µ | 6 days | — | — | Markedly counteracts diminished bone and body collagen synthesis caused by glucocorticoids |
|
Friedlander et al., 2001 [269] | 24 PMO | | 15 µ/kg twice daily | 1 year | | | No effect |
|
Boonen et al., 2002 [270] | 30 W | 65–90 | 0.5–1 µ/kg/d | 8 weeks | | | Effects on bone mass, muscle strength, and functional ability, beneficial trends |
|
Grinspoon et al., 2002 [271] | 60 W osteopenia with anorexia | 18–38 | 30 μg/kg sc twice daily | 9 months | | — | Increased mIGFBP-2 and decreased IGFBP-3 and bone density increased |
|
Grinspoon et al., 2003 [272] | 65 W anorexia nervosa | | 30 μg/kg sc twice daily | 9 months | — | — | IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are independent predictors of bone density |
|
Misra et al., 2009 [273] | 10 W low bone density and anorexia | 12–18 | 30–40 mcg/k twice daily | 7–9 days | | | Increase in PINP, a bone formation marker |
|