Factors Associated with Utilization of Dipeptidyl-4 Inhibitors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study

Table 6

Parameters not significantly associated with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors.

Patient characteristic	Number of patients (percentage, %)		value
	Sitagliptin ()	Vildagliptin ()
Gender
Male	111 (43.2%)	22 (52.4%)	0.345^a
Female	146 (56.8%)	20 (47.6%)
Ethnicity
Malay	85 (33.1%)	14 (33.3%)	0.345^a
Chinese	85 (33.1%)	18 (42.9%)
Indian	87 (33.9%)	10 (23.8%)
BMI
Underweight	0 (0%)	1 (4.0%)	0.160^a
Normal weight	28 (14.4%)	2 (8.0%)
Overweight	87 (44.6%)	12 (48.0%)
Obese	80 (41.0%)	10 (40.0%)
Duration since the diagnosis of T2DM
≤10 years	58 (29.6%)	9 (37.5%)	0.661^a
11–20 years	88 (44.9%)	10 (41.7%)
21–30 years	41 (20.9%)	5 (20.8%)
>30 years	9 (4.6%)	0 (0.0%)
A1c
<6.5%	25 (10.7%)	4 (12.5%)	0.762^b
≥6.5%	209 (89.3%)	28 (87.5%)
Polypharmacy
<5 drugs	38 (14.8%)	6 (13.3%)	1.000^a
≥5 drugs	219 (85.2%)	36 (86.7%)
Renal impairment	70 (27.2%)	8 (19.0%)	0.352^a
Hepatic impairment	6 (2.3%)	0 (0%)	1.000^b
Heart disease	77 (29.9%)	9 (21.4%)	0.343^a
Obesity	77 (29.9%)	9 (21.4%)	0.343^a
Hypertension	219 (85.2%)	32 (76.19%)	0.211^a
Hyperlipidemia	180 (70.0%)	30 (71.4%)	1.000^a
Metformin	188 (73.1%)	36 (85.7%)	0.121^a
Sulphonylurea	179 (69.6%)	30 (71.4%)	0.959^a
Acarbose	34 (13.2%)	7 (16.6%)	0.720^a
Thiazolidinedione	1 (0.39%)	0 (0%)	1.000^b
Meglitinides	1 (0.39%)	1 (2.3%)	0.262^b
Insulin	65 (25.3%)	5 (11.9%)	0.089^a
ACE inhibitor	88 (34.2%)	19 (45.2%)	0.228^a
ARB	95 (36.9%)	11 (26.1%)	0.238^a
CCB	111 (43.2%)	19 (45.2%)	0.936^a
Thiazide	74 (28.8%)	9 (21.4%)	0.422^a
Loop diuretics	31 (12.0%)	2 (4.7%)	0.194^b
Spironolactone	7 (2.7%)	0 (0%)	0.599^b
Statin	215 (83.6%)	36 (85.7%)	0.912^a
Fibrates	27 (10.5%)	4 (9.5%)	1.000^b

By Pearson chi square.
^bBy Fisher’s exact test.