Testosterone and Adipokines are Determinants of Physical Performance, Strength, and Aerobic Fitness in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

Table 2

Simple correlation analysis between physical function, strength, and aerobic fitness with different hormones and adipokines.

	Testosterone	Estradiol	IGF-1	IL-6	sTNFr1	Hs-CRP	Leptin	Adiponectin
Modified PPT	0.23^∗	−0.03	0.10	−0.11	−0.30^∗∗	−0.22^∗	−0.22^∗	−0.01
Knee flexion	0.49^∗∗	0.14	0.26^∗	−0.25^∗	−0.15	−0.22^∗	−0.53^∗∗	−0.11
Knee extension	0.51^∗∗	0.18	0.26^∗∗	−0.16	−0.14	−0.26^∗∗	−0.44^∗∗	−0.10
Total 1-RM	0.66^∗∗	0.14	0.23^∗	−0.13	−0.20^∗	−0.26^∗∗	−0.52^∗∗	−0.22^∗
VO2 peak	0.56^∗∗	0.04	0.20^∗	−0.28^∗∗	−0.23^∗	−0.28^∗∗	−0.61^∗∗	−0.09

Data are mean ± SD. ^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.01. VO₂ peak: peak oxygen consumption, Nm: Newton meter, BMI: body mass index, IL-6: interleukin-6, Hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, sTNFr-1: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, PPT: modified physical performance test, and Total 1-RM: total 1-repetition max.