Testosterone and Adipokines are Determinants of Physical Performance, Strength, and Aerobic Fitness in Frail, Obese, Older Adults

Table 3

Final model of the hormonal and adipokine predictors of physical performance test, strength measures, and aerobic fitness (VO₂ peak) in frail obese older adults.

	𝑅^2 (%)	Beta estimate	SE	𝑃
PPT	10
sTNFr1		−0.025	0.008	0.003
Knee flexion	37.9
Adiponectin		−0.37	0.16	0.02
Leptin		−0.29	0.09	0.002
Testosterone		0.034	0.013	0.01
Knee extension	27.4
Leptin		−0.28	0.13	0.04
Testosterone		0.06	0.02	0.003
Total 1-RM	54.3
Adiponectin		−3.22	1.07	0.004
Leptin		−2.23	0.81	0.006
Testosterone		0.71	0.12	<0.001
VO2 peak	54.3
IGF-1		0.02	0.01	0.02
IL-6		−0.31	0.11	0.009
Leptin		−0.05	0.01	<0.001
Testosterone		0.007	0.002	0.001

Variables entered in the model: sTNFr1, adiponectin, leptin, testosterone, estradiol, IGF-1, IL-6, leptin, age, and sex. PPT: modified physical performance test, Total 1-RM: total 1-repetition max, VO₂ peak: peak oxygen consumption, sTNFr1: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, IGF-1: insulin growth factor-1, and IL-6: interleukin-6.