Association between Related Purine Metabolites and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Table 2

Crude concentrations and adjusted 𝑃 value for six purine metabolites and ratio of uric acid to xanthine in diabetic patients with retinopathy (DR) and without retinopathy (DM) and healthy subjects (normal).

Parameters	Normal (𝑛=41)	DM (𝑛=35)	DR (𝑛=39)	Adjusted 𝑃 value*
Uric acid (mg/L)	46.63±2.41	53.81±2.36	70.55±3.97	𝑃=0.012^a
				𝑃<0.001^b
				𝑃<0.001^c
Hypoxanthine (mg/L)	0.28±0.03	0.26±0.05	0.29±0.06	𝑃=0.474^a
				𝑃=0.855^b
				𝑃=0.624^c
Xanthine (mg/L)	0.47±0.06	0.54±0.05	1.01±0.21	𝑃=0.657^a
				𝑃<0.001^b
				𝑃=0.009^c
Inosine (mg/L)	0.077±0.010	0.086±0.010	0.297±0.078	𝑃=0.368^a
				𝑃<0.001^b
				𝑃<0.001^c
Adenine (mg/L)	0.17±0.03	0.16±0.04	0.16±0.05	𝑃=0.497^a
				𝑃=0.722^b
				𝑃=0.654^c
Adenosine (mg/L)	0.13±0.02	0.17±0.01	0.94±0.17	𝑃=0.137^a
				𝑃<0.001^b
				𝑃<0.001^c
Uric acid : xanthine	99.1±48.71	106.9±12.1	97.1±18.9	𝑃=0.481^a
				𝑃=0.241^b
				𝑃=0.225^c

∗Adjusted for age, duration (years) of DM and BMI.
 ^a𝑃 value from 𝑡-test between normal and DM.
 ^b𝑃 value from 𝑡-test between normal and DR.
 ^c𝑃 value from 𝑡-test between DM and DR.