Gender Differences in Ghrelin Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Arab Population
Table 1
Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the study population.
Characteristics
All ( = 359)
Female ()
Male ()
value
Age (years)
44.4 ± 11.5
44.2 ± 11.8
44.9 ± 11.1
0.5481
BMI (kg/m2)
31.6 ± 0.34
33.3 ± 0.48
30.6 ± 0.45
<0.0001
Waist circumference (cm)
101.2 ± 0.75
99.39 ± 1.03
103.1 ± 1.09
0.0186
SBP (mmHg)
129.8 ± 1.01
124.8 ± 1.41
135.1 ± 1.36
<0.0001
DBP (mmHg)
78.3 ± 0.64
76.89 ± 0.90
79.77 ± 0.90
0.0242
FBG (mmol/l)
6.23 ± 0.16
5.93 ± 0.18
6.57 ± 0.27
0.0366
HbA1c (%)
6.04 ± 0.09
5.67 ± 0.10
6.46 ± 0.15
<0.0001
HOMA-IR
3.31 ± 0.51
3.46 ± 0.34
3.13 ± 0.23
0.5621
TC (mmol/l)
5.20 ± 0.06
5.32 ± 0.08
5.08 ± 0.09
0.0316
TG (mmol/l)
1.70 ± 0.06
1.54 ± 0.06
1.88 ± 0.11
0.0050
HDL (mmol/l)
1.13 ± 0.02
1.26 ± 0.03
0.99 ± 0.02
<0.0001
LDL (mmol/l)
3.36 ± 0.05
3.42 ± 0.07
3.30 ± 0.08
0.2122
Ghrelin (pg/ml)
860 (240–5360)
960 (240–4090)
750 (290–5360)
0.0049
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FBG: fasting blood glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein. Results are reported as mean ± SE except for nonnormally distributed ghrelin levels that are presented as median (range).
